Phytochemical Analysis, Antipyretic and Antifungal Activities of Cyrtomium Caryotideum (2025)

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS

2019

Cyperus rotundus L. commonly called nut grass is a highly potent traditional herbal drug used for the treatment of a number of ailments. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity as well as determine the possible bioactive components of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes using GC-MS analysis. In this study, the plant rhizomes were extracted with 85% methanol and quantitative phytochemical screening was determined. Also, antimicrobial activity of the plant was estimated against fungi and bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative) by using the agar well diffusion method. The chemical compositions of the methanol extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes were investigated using Gas chromatography The results exhibited that the plant has antimicrobial activity against the tested species except Proteus vulgaris. Forty four compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis; linolenic acid (21.9%) was found to be major component followed by hexadecanoic acid, 2-methyl-ester(9.1%), γ-curjunene (5.72%), oleic acid (5.45%), 1-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6 dihexadecanoate (5.39%), larixol (3.76%), limonen-6-ol,pivalate (3.63%), longipinocarvone (3.11%), methyl stearate (3.11%), aristolone (2.84%), sclareol (2.44%), dodecanoic acid (2.29%) and platambin (2.18%). These results have shown that the plant has a significant biological effect, which can be used as an antimicrobial drug against bacteria and fungi.

Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Cyrtomium fortumei (J.) Smith

Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2013

Review on Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Cyperus rotundus L

Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Nowadays there is increasing interest of researchers to explore herbal drugs for health benefits of human as well as animals. Drugs which are obtained from natural sources are pharmacologically potent and have low or no side effects for use in preventive medicine. Cyperus rotundus L. is commonly known as nagarmotha, motha in local languages. It is available all over the country. Cyperus rotundus is having some reported activities like antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial properties. It contains flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sitosterol, alkaloids saponins, terpenoids, essential oils, starch, carbohydrates, protein, separated amino acids and different secondary metabolites. Considering the growing interest in the field of plant drugs assessing different pharmacological activities. In this review we are discussing about the therapeutic potential and chemical constituents of Cyperus rotundus.

Phenolic Compounds and Bioactivity of Cytisus villosus Pourr

Molecules

The present study focuses on the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities of the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Cytisus villosus Pourr. HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn was used to identify the phenolic compounds, being (epi)gallocatechin dimer the major compound (111 ± 5 µg/g·dw) in the aqueous extract, while myricetin-O-rhamnoside (226 ± 9 µg/g·dw) was the main molecule in the ethyl acetate extract. Both extracts exhibited good scavenging activities against DPPH radical (EC50 µg/mL of 59 ± 2 and 31 ± 2 for aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively). However, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated more potent quenching activities than the aqueous extract. The antimicrobial activities were assessed on selected Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, as well as on pathogenic fungus Candida glabrata. The extracts possessed selective and po...

Anticandidal activity of the extract and compounds isolated from Cyperus conglomertus Rottb

Journal of The Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 2018

The phytochemical screening of Cyperus conglomeratus showed that carbohydrates and/or glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, sterols and/or triterpenes, and proteins and/or amino acids are present. The fatty acid profile comprised major; palmitic, oleic, heptadecanoic, linoleic and minor; arachidonic, lignoceric, stearic, and myristic acid. Two compounds; namely, a-amyrin and b-sitosterol were isolated by the fractionation of unsaponifiable matter. The acute toxicity study showed that the reported after oral administration of the alcohol extract (TAE) showed that the plant was highly safe as the LD 50 was more than 4000 mg/kg. These results were well supported by the sub-chronic toxicity, as the TAE administrated to rats for 15 consecutive days at dose 1000 mg/kg showed no alteration in the liver and kidney functions. Moreover, the extract of the plant exhibited anti-candidal activity against different Candida species. The most potent activity, (23.1 ± 2.1, 0.98 mg/ml) and (22.3 ± 0.53, 0.98 mg/ml), was obtained by the chloroform and total extract, respectively against Candida albicans.

Antimicrobial Activity of Cymbopogon Citratus (Lemon Grass) and It’s Phytochemical Properties

Frontiers in Science, 2013

The cold macerat ion and agar diffusion technique were emp loyed to assess phytochemical propert ies and the antimicrobial potency of Cy mbopogon citratus (lemongrass) against selected microbial pathogens using hexane, chloroform and methanol as extracting solvents. The mean zones of inhibit ion of the chloroform leaf and corresponding root extracts for the test organisms were Staphylococus aureus (11.33±1.15,11.66±2.52), Salmonella typhi (11.33±1.53,13.66±0.58), Escherichia co li (16.33±0.58,15.66±2.31) and Candida albicans (7.66±0.58,8.66±1.53) respectively. Hexane and methanol extracts showed no activity against the test organisms. The min imu m inhib itory concentration (MIC) and the corresponding minimu m bactericidal concentration (MBC) for ch loroform leaf and root extracts were : Staphylococus aureus (24µg/ ml, 28µg/ ml), Salmonella typhi (20µg/ ml, 28µg/ ml), Escherichia coli (14µg/ ml, 16µg/ml), Candida albicans (32µg/ ml, 38µg/ ml) and Staphylococus aureus (20µg/ ml, 26µg/ ml), Salmonella typhi (18µg/ ml, 24µg/ ml), Escherichia coli (14µg/ ml, 16µg/ml), Candida albicans (28µg/ml, 32µg/ ml) respectively. Phytochemical screening on Cy mbopogon citratus showed that five active ingredients: Tannins, Flavonoids, Phenols, Carbohydrates and volatile oil were present in both the root and leaf parts. The mean zones of inhibit ion showed that Cymbopogon citratus exh ibited an intermediate antimicrobial activity against the bacteria species while C. albicans was resistant. Higher dose of C. citratus may be recommended to exert a remarkable antimicrobial act ivity against the test organisms.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. Volatiles

Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2011

This work describes the isolation and structural elucidation of compounds from the leaves of Myrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) DC. (goiaba-brava) and evaluates the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds against bacteria and fungi. Column chromatography was used to fractionate and purify the extract of the M. tomentosa leaves and the chemical structures of the compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed using the broth microdilution method. The phytochemical investigation isolated 11 compounds: α-bisabolol, α-bisabolol oxide B, α-cadinol, β-sitosterol, n-pentacosane, n-tetracosane, quercetin, kaempferol, avicularin, juglanin and guaijaverin. The crude ethanolic extract and its fractions were tested against 15 bacteria and 9 yeasts. The crude extract inhibited the in vitro growth of yeasts at concentration of 4 to 32 µg/mL. The hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions inhibited Candida sp. at concentrations of 4 to 256 µg/mL, whereas the Cryptococcus sp. isolates were inhibited only by the hexane and dichloromethane fractions in minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) at 16 to 64 µg/mL. The flavonoid quercetin-3-O-α-arabinofuranose (avicularin) was the most active compound, inhibiting Candida species in concentrations of 2 to 32 µg/mL. The MIC values suggest potential activity of this plant species against yeast.

Assessment of ethnopharmacological potential of Cyperus difformis L. in terms of its’ phytochemistry, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer attributes

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca

The present research was carried out on Cyperus difformis L., commonly found sedge weed in rice field to evaluate its’ ethnopharmacological potential in terms of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. FTIR spectroscopy of powdered material of plant parts, rhizome (with roots), leaves and flowers showed the presence of three main chemical groups, i.e. -OH (alcohol), -C=O (carbonyl) and -CO-O-CO (anhydride). The phytochemical composition of n-Hexane, chloroform and ethanol crude extracts of same parts analysed by GC-MS and n-Hexane extract of various parts indicated 14 compounds with highest (10) in flowers extract followed by six compounds in chloroform and five in ethanol extracts of plant parts. The antibacterial activity was assessed against Salmonella enterica, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus by using well diffusion method and similar resistance was shown by n-Hexane and ethanol extracts while noticeable inhibition by chloroform extrac...

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiradical activities of Cyclotrichium niveum (BOISS.) Manden and Scheng

International Journal of Food …, 2008

Antifungal activity of essential oil from fruits of IndianCuminum cyminum

Pharmaceutical Biology, 2010

The essential oil of fruits of Cuminum cyminum L. (Apiaceae), from India, was analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and its antifungal activity was tested on dermatophytes and phytopathogens, fungi, yeasts and some new Aspergilli. The most abundant components were cumin aldehyde, pinenes, and p-cymene, and a fraction of oxygenate compounds such as alcohol and epoxides. Because of the large amount of the highly volatile components in the cumin extract, we used a modified recent technique to evaluate the antifungal activity only of the volatile parts at doses from 5 to 20 µL of pure essential oil. Antifungal testing showed that Cuminum cyminum is active in general on all fungi but in particular on the dermatophytes, where Trichophyton rubrum was the most inhibited fungus also at the lowest dose of 5 µL. Less sensitive to treatment were the phytopathogens.

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Potential of Citronella (<i>Cymbopogon nardus</i>) Leaves Essential Oil and its Major Compounds

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2021

Antifungal activities of medicinal plants were observed against seedborne mycofl ora of eggplant (Solanum melongena). The effect of ethanolic leaf extracts of Mangifera indica, Mentha spicata, Citrus limon, Eucalyptus camaldulensis against four isolated fungal species including Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus fl avus, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium digitatum was evaluated at various concentrations, by using the poisoned food technique. The impact of the extracts on seed germination and growth of eggplant was assessed by seed treatment and growth in a greenhouse experiment. Total fl avonoids of E. camaldulensis were analyzed through spectrophotometer, using quercetin as a standard. Physico-chemical parameters were also determined. Antifungal activity showed that maximum inhibition percentage of P. digitatum (67.78%) and F. oxysporum (64.44%) was observed at the highest concentration (80%) of C. limon and E. camaldulensis extracts, respectively, followed by M. spicata extract against A. fl avus (63.33%) and R. stolonifer (52.22%). Least inhibition percentage of F. oxysporum, P. digitatum, R. stolonifer and A. fl avus was 6.67, 7.78, 14.44 and 16.67%, respectively, at the lowest (20%) concentration of M. spicata. The greenhouse experiment showed variations in seedling germination and post-germination growth. E. camaldulensis extract showed an increase in percent germination (78.98%) over untreated control (62.83%), root and shoot length and fresh and dry weight of root and shoot with the consequent reduction in disease symptoms. Phytochemical analysis depicted the presence of alkaloids, fl avonoids, tannins, saponins in all extracts while steroids and glycosides were absent. A fair amount (10.38 mg QE g -1 DF ) of fl avonoid was present in leaf extract of E. camaldulensis. Physico-chemical analysis showed pH of 4.6, ash content of 0.41% and weight loss on drying of 8.14%.

Chemical investigation of different extracts and essential oil from the tubers of (Tunisian)Cyperus rotundus. Correlation with their antiradical and antimutagenic properties

Annals of Microbiology, 2007

The mutagenic potential of aqueous, Total Oligomers Flavonoids (TOF), ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts as well as essential oil (EO) obtained from tubers of Cyperus rotundus L. was assessed by "Ames assay", using Salmonella tester strains TA98 and TA100, and "SOS chromotest" using Escherichia coli PQ37 strain with and without an exogenous metabolic activation system (S9). None of the different extracts showed a mutagenic effect. Likewise, the antimutagenicity of the same extracts was tested using the "Ames test" and the "SOS chromotest". Our results showed that C. rotundus extracts have antimutagenic effects with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains towards the mutagen Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as with E. coli PQ37 strain against AFB1 and nifuroxazide mutagens. A free radical scavenging test was used in order to explore the antioxidant capacity of the extracts obtained from the tubers of C. rotundus. TOF, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. These extracts showed IC50 values of respectively 5, 20 and 65 µg/ml. The beneficial effects of TOF, ethyl acetate, methanol and essential oil extracts of C. rotundus have been assessed by antioxidant and antimutagenic activities.

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) (azkhar) Collected from Afif City, Saudi Arabia

Life

In Saudi Arabia, Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) has been traditionally used to treat a variety of diseases. This study aimed to investigate the crude methanolic extract of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) phytochemical, chemical composition, and antibacterial activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, poly-tannins, steroids, alkaloids, essential oils, terpenoids, and flavonoids. The presence of functional groups such as -COOH, -OH, -C=O, and CH2 was revealed via FTIR spectroscopy. 13C and 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) were used to determine the types and number of protons (hydrogen atoms) and their electronic states. Using an agar well diffusion assay, methanolic extract of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) inhibited the growth of some foodborne pathogenic bacteria in zones ranging from 8 to 25 mm in diameter. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus was 12.5 mg/mL, whereas it was 25 mg/mL for Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and...

Analysis and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes

Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2018

The rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae), a native to India, are used to treat amenorrhoea, bronchitis, dyspepsia, stomach disorders, fever, malaria, cough, vomiting, renal and vesical calculi, skin diseases, wounds, dysmenorrhoea, deficient lactation, loss of memory, insect bites, nausea, dysuria, infertility, cervical cancer and menstrual disorders. Hydrodistillation of the rhizomes yielded a pale yellowish essential oils (0.6%). GC-MS analysis of the oil showed the presence of sesquiterpenes βselinene (23.7%), α-cyperone (8.1 %), caryophyllene (4.1 %) and α-selinene (3.5 %), monoterpenes anethole (16.2 %) and cuminaldehyde (9.2 %), fatty acids viz., arachidic ((9.4 %), stearic (8.7 %) and palmitic (2.2 %) acids and n-pentane (5.8%) as the main constituents. The significant antimicrobial activities were observed with the essential oil of the rhizomes against Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. A benzene extract of the rhizomes exhibited potent antibacterial effects against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, S. flexneri and antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger. The chloroform extract of the rhizomes elicited marked antibacterial activity against B. pumilus only.

Phytochemistry and Antibacterial Activity of Cynometra Cauliflora

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development , 2019

Here we report the potential of Cynometra cauliflora methanolic leaves extract as potential antibacterial agent against clinical isolated rrricroorganisms. Phytochemical analyses reveal the presence of tannin, flavonoid, saponins, cardiac glyc,tsides and terpenoids. Tn spot test, antibacterial activity can be observed through the formation of zone inhibition of three types of bacteria only which are at concentration of extract used rvere 75 rng/ml and 100 m1/ml. The MIC u,as detemined ranging from 6.25 mg/ml to 100 rng/ml-. The highest value of MIC sholvr:d by MRSA which is 6.25 mg/rnl. For MBC test. no antibacterial activity have been observed showed that the extract rvas bacteriostatic which can inhibit the growth of bacteria at concentration less than 100 mgirnl-but not kill the bacteria. The results provide evidence that ieaves of C. cauli/lora extract mi-qht indeed be used as a potential source of effective naturai antirnicrobial agents in phamraceutical industries. Our findings suggest that C. caulifloro tnethanolic leaves extract contains antibacterial active compounds and could be potential antibacterial agent.

Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial, antioxidant and urease inhibitory potential of Cyphostemma digitatum Lam.

In this paper we report the antimicrobial, antiradical and urease inhibitory potential along with photochemical investigation of the crude extracts of Cyphostemma digitatum Lam. Phytochemical screening of both the crude (hot/cold) alcoholic and aqueous extracts of C. digitatum showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, steroids, terpenoids and tannins. The crude methanolic extract (hot/cold) exhibited good antioxidant activity, while the aqueous extract was a weak antioxidant. The crude methanolic extract was found to be more active against Bacillus subtilis, while both the extracts showed moderate antifungal potential, the methanolic crude extract showed good urease inhibitory activity compared with the aqueous crude extract.

Evaluation of the medicinal properties of Cyrtocarpa procera Kunth fruit extracts

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015

Background: The fruit of Cyrtocarpa procera is used to treat stomach diseases by people living in San Rafael, Coxcatlan, Puebla. This work investigated the antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of the fruit produced by this species. Methods: Methanol extract was obtained by maceration. After obtaining the methanol extract (MeOH1), methanol subextract (MeOH2) and hexane (H) were obtained. The antibacterial activities of MeOH1, MeOH2 and H were evaluated through disc-diffusion. The quenching of free radicals was evaluated by decolorizing a methanolic DPPH solution. The cytotoxic activity of MeOH2 was evaluated by in vitro assay system of growth inhibition of human cervical carcinoma cell line (CasKi). The IL-1β and TNF-α were determined through ELISA in the supernatants of the macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). The MeOH2 subextract was separated by column chromatography, seventy-three fractions were collected. Results: The Gram-positive and-negative bacteria examined were sensitive to MeOH1 and MeOH2; the MeOH2 was bactericidal toward Staphyloccocus aureus (MIC = 4 mg/mL) and Vibrio cholera (MIC = 4 mg/mL). The MeOH2 inhibited the DPPH radical (SC 50 = 69.7 μg/mL), but a cytotoxicity assay revealed that the extract is not toxic according to the National Cancer Institute (LD 50 = 22.03 μg/mL). The production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) by LPS-stimulated macrophages was reduced after the treatments. The methanol extract contained various organic acids, such as citric acid, palmitic acid and αlinoleic acid. Conclusions: The fruits of Cyrtocarpa procera are employed to treat ailments such as diarrhea, in this study were demonstrated some biological activities involved in a bacterial infection. This is the first research about of the medicinal properties of C. procera fruit.

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from extracts of Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. (Spreng) of Algeria

International Journal of Biosciences |IJB, 2017

The main objective of this study is to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. of south Algeria. Essential oil of Cymbopogon schoenanthuswere extracted by hydrodistilation, and their chemical composition were identified by GC/MS Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts has been done by using DPPH essay. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was realised by agar disc diffusion method. The resultants present in aerial partabout21 components accounting more than 76,94% of the total essential oil were identified, the major compounds are constituted by the Guaiol 20,44%,Cis-beta-terpineol 16,23%, Hinesol 10,55%, Cis-sabinene hydrate 9,98% and in root part about 25 components accounting more than 60,94% of the total essential oil were identified, the major compounds are constituted by the Agarospirol 14,21% cis-, beta,-terpineol 12,61%, (+)-4-Carene 6,92%, cis-sabinene hydrate 6,62%, Guaiol 5,88%. IC 50 values observed for DPPH essay were 168,28 ug/ml. In the other hand, this oil was found effective against all tested strains, this activity was ranging from 16,22±3,166 mm with Staphylocoque aureus ATCC 25923. These results provided evidence that the studied plant might indeed be potential sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanol Extracts of <i>Cynara Scolymus (Cynarae folium, Asteraceae</i> Family)

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2011

Please cite this article in press as: Roby, M.H.H., et al., Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Ind. Crops Prod. (2012), http://dx.

Cyperus articulatus L.: A Review on Phytochemical & Pharmacological Exploration, and Effects on Human Health

International journal of pharmaceutical quality assurance, 2024

Cyperus articulatus L., a member of the Cyperaceae family, is distinguished by delicate blooms at its tips. Traditionally used in northern Brazilian spas and artisanal colonies, the tubers sliced from the plant's stalks emit a refreshing, woodsy, and spicy aroma. Beyond its aesthetic and aromatic appeal, the plant boasts significant medicinal and pharmacological benefits. Pharmacologically, it exhibits properties such as antimalarial, sedative, hepatoprotective, central nervous system (CNS) contraceptive, insecticidal, antibiotic, anticancer, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, and anthococcosis medication. For instance, the chloroform extract of priprioca rhizomes revealed antimalarial metabolites, including "cyperotundone, alpha-cyperone, and mustacone." The "C. articulatus rhizome decoction" contained sedative sugars, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenes, and polyuronides. Notably, the study did not detect metabolites related to hepatoprotection, contraception, and the central nervous system. Insecticidal activities were linked to the aromatic compounds, mono and sesquiterpenes, of the rhizome methanolic extract. Antibacterial activity, attributed to compounds and pinene, was found in ethanolic and chloroform extracts of rhizomes. The essential oil from C. articulatus exhibited anticancer effects, featuring sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes. Phenolic chemicals in the essential oil were associated with antioxidant capabilities. Alkaloid chemicals in C. articulatus rhizome extract demonstrated anticonvulsant action, along with the presence of linoleic acid and mustakone metabolites. This study comprehensively explores the medicinal, therapeutic, and pharmacological benefits of C. articulatus.